A Grid is something that looks like a honeycomb or screen that is attached to your flash or strobe head. It diffuses the light and makes it weaker. Grids are used to control the light, limit spillage, direct light into a small area (like a snoot or spotlight), and create a greater rate of fall-off (decreases the light hitting the background).
Grids are essential accessories for any lighting system. A grid alters the shape and intensity of the light output from your softbox when it is mounted on a light head. Consider a grid as a painter would a brush, or a sculptor would a knife, or chisel.
Honeycomb grids and "egg crates" are rigid, or semi-rigid. Fabric grids are hand-stitched, and collapse easily for storage or transport. Use of a fabric grid, honeycomb grid, or "egg crate" will result in a narrower spread of light. The spread of light will be determined by the density of the honeycomb mesh, and the distance of the subject from the light.
Here are some online tutorials that I think are great.
DIY cardboard grids for your flash: click here
Examples:
No Grid on Flash:
Using a cardboard Grid on the flash (notice how it looks like a spot light):
Soft Lighting & Grids for Portraiture: click here
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